ملكة سبأ
اختلافالنص التوراتي
1 Reis 10:1-13
1E ouvindo a rainha de Saba a fama de Salomão, ácerca do nome do Senhor, veiu proval-o por enigmas.
2E veiu a Jerusalem com um mui grande exercito; com camelos carregados de especiarias, e muitissimo oiro, e pedras preciosas: e veiu a Salom o, e disse-lhe tudo quanto tinha no seu coração.
3E Salomão lhe declarou todas as suas palavras: nenhuma coisa se escondeu ao rei, que não lhe declarasse.
4Vendo pois a rainha de Saba toda a sabedoria de Salomão, e a casa que edificara,
5E a comida da sua mesa, e o assentar de seus servos, e o estar de seus creados, e os vestidos d'elles, e os seus copeiros, e a sua subida, pela qual subia á casa do Senhor, não houve mais espirito n'ella.
6E disse ao rei: Foi verdade a palavra que ouvi na minha terra, das tuas coisas e da tua sabedoria.
7E eu não cria n'aquellas palavras, até que vim, e os meus olhos o viram; eis que me não disseram metade; sobre-*pujaste em sabedoria e bens a fama que ouvi.
8Bemaventurados os teus homens, bemaventurados estes teus servos, que estão sempre diante de ti, que ouvem a tua sabedoria!
9Bemdito seja o Senhor teu Deus, que teve agrado em ti, para te pôr no throno de Israel: porque o Senhor ama a Israel para sempre, por isso te estabeleceu rei, para fazeres juizo e justiça.
10E deu ao rei cento e vinte talentos de oiro, e muitissimas especiarias, e pedras preciosas: nunca veiu especiaria em tanta abundancia, como a que a rainha de Saba deu ao rei Salomão.
11Tambem as náos d'Hirão, que de Ophir levavam oiro, traziam de Ophir muitissima madeira de Almug, e pedras preciosas.
12E d'esta madeira d'Almug fez o rei balaustres para a casa do Senhor, e para a casa do rei, como tambem harpas e alaúdes para os cantores: nunca veiu tal madeira de Almug, nem se viu até o dia d'hoje.
13E o rei Salomão deu á rainha de Saba tudo quanto lhe pediu o seu desejo, de mais do que lhe deu, segundo a largueza do rei Salomão: então voltou e partiu para a sua terra, ella e os seus servos.
القرآن
An-Naml 27:20-44
وَتَفَقَّدَ ٱلطَّيْرَ فَقَالَ مَا لِىَ لَآ أَرَى ٱلْهُدْهُدَ أَمْ كَانَ مِنَ ٱلْغَآئِبِينَ
20And he sought among the birds and said: How is it that I see not the hoopoe, or is he among the absent
لَأُعَذِّبَنَّهُۥ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا أَوْ لَأَا۟ذْبَحَنَّهُۥٓ أَوْ لَيَأْتِيَنِّى بِسُلْطَـٰنٍ مُّبِينٍ
21I verily will punish him with hard punishment or I verily will slay him, or he verily shall bring me a plain excuse
فَمَكَثَ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ فَقَالَ أَحَطتُ بِمَا لَمْ تُحِطْ بِهِۦ وَجِئْتُكَ مِن سَبَإٍۭ بِنَبَإٍ يَقِينٍ
22But he was not long in coming, and he said: I have found out (a thing) that thou apprehendest not, and I come unto thee from Sheba with sure tidings
إِنِّى وَجَدتُّ ٱمْرَأَةً تَمْلِكُهُمْ وَأُوتِيَتْ مِن كُلِّ شَىْءٍ وَلَهَا عَرْشٌ عَظِيمٌ
23Lo! I found a woman ruling over them, and she hath been given (abundance) of all things, and hers is a mighty throne
وَجَدتُّهَا وَقَوْمَهَا يَسْجُدُونَ لِلشَّمْسِ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَزَيَّنَ لَهُمُ ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنُ أَعْمَـٰلَهُمْ فَصَدَّهُمْ عَنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ فَهُمْ لَا يَهْتَدُونَ
24I found her and her people worshipping the sun instead of Allah; and Satan maketh their works fairseeming unto them, and debarreth them from the way (of Truth), so that they go not aright
أَلَّا يَسْجُدُوا۟ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِى يُخْرِجُ ٱلْخَبْءَ فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا تُخْفُونَ وَمَا تُعْلِنُونَ
25So that they worship not Allah, Who bringeth forth the hidden in the heavens and the earth, and knoweth what ye hide and what ye proclaim
ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ رَبُّ ٱلْعَرْشِ ٱلْعَظِيمِ ۩
26Allah; there is no Allah save Him, the Lord of the Tremendous Throne
۞ قَالَ سَنَنظُرُ أَصَدَقْتَ أَمْ كُنتَ مِنَ ٱلْكَـٰذِبِينَ
27(Solomon) said: We shall see whether thou speakest truth or whether thou art of the liars
ٱذْهَب بِّكِتَـٰبِى هَـٰذَا فَأَلْقِهْ إِلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ فَٱنظُرْ مَاذَا يَرْجِعُونَ
28Go with this my letter and throw it down unto them; then turn away and see what (answer) they return
قَالَتْ يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْمَلَؤُا۟ إِنِّىٓ أُلْقِىَ إِلَىَّ كِتَـٰبٌ كَرِيمٌ
29(The Queen of Sheba) said (when she received the letter): O chieftains! Lo! there hath been thrown unto me a noble letter
إِنَّهُۥ مِن سُلَيْمَـٰنَ وَإِنَّهُۥ بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
30Lo! it is from Solomon, and lo! it is: In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
أَلَّا تَعْلُوا۟ عَلَىَّ وَأْتُونِى مُسْلِمِينَ
31Exalt not yourselves against me, but come unto me as those who surrender
قَالَتْ يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْمَلَؤُا۟ أَفْتُونِى فِىٓ أَمْرِى مَا كُنتُ قَاطِعَةً أَمْرًا حَتَّىٰ تَشْهَدُونِ
32She said: O chieftains! Pronounce for me in my case. I decide no case till ye are present with me
قَالُوا۟ نَحْنُ أُو۟لُوا۟ قُوَّةٍ وَأُو۟لُوا۟ بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ وَٱلْأَمْرُ إِلَيْكِ فَٱنظُرِى مَاذَا تَأْمُرِينَ
33They said: We are lords of might and lords of great prowess, but it is for thee to command; so consider what thou wilt command
قَالَتْ إِنَّ ٱلْمُلُوكَ إِذَا دَخَلُوا۟ قَرْيَةً أَفْسَدُوهَا وَجَعَلُوٓا۟ أَعِزَّةَ أَهْلِهَآ أَذِلَّةً ۖ وَكَذَٰلِكَ يَفْعَلُونَ
34She said: Lo! kings, when they enter a township, ruin it and make the honour of its people shame. Thus will they do
وَإِنِّى مُرْسِلَةٌ إِلَيْهِم بِهَدِيَّةٍ فَنَاظِرَةٌۢ بِمَ يَرْجِعُ ٱلْمُرْسَلُونَ
35But lo! I am going to send a present unto them, and to see with what (answer) the messengers return
فَلَمَّا جَآءَ سُلَيْمَـٰنَ قَالَ أَتُمِدُّونَنِ بِمَالٍ فَمَآ ءَاتَىٰنِۦَ ٱللَّهُ خَيْرٌ مِّمَّآ ءَاتَىٰكُم بَلْ أَنتُم بِهَدِيَّتِكُمْ تَفْرَحُونَ
36So when (the envoy) came unto Solomon, (the King) said: What! Would ye help me with wealth? But that which Allah hath given me is better than that which He hath given you. Nay it is ye (and not I) who exult in your gift
ٱرْجِعْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَلَنَأْتِيَنَّهُم بِجُنُودٍ لَّا قِبَلَ لَهُم بِهَا وَلَنُخْرِجَنَّهُم مِّنْهَآ أَذِلَّةً وَهُمْ صَـٰغِرُونَ
37Return unto them. We verily shall come unto them with hosts that they cannot resist, and we shall drive them out from thence with shame, and they will be abased
قَالَ يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْمَلَؤُا۟ أَيُّكُمْ يَأْتِينِى بِعَرْشِهَا قَبْلَ أَن يَأْتُونِى مُسْلِمِينَ
38He said: O chiefs! Which of you will bring me her throne before they come unto me, surrendering
قَالَ عِفْرِيتٌ مِّنَ ٱلْجِنِّ أَنَا۠ ءَاتِيكَ بِهِۦ قَبْلَ أَن تَقُومَ مِن مَّقَامِكَ ۖ وَإِنِّى عَلَيْهِ لَقَوِىٌّ أَمِينٌ
39A stalwart of the jinn said: I will bring it thee before thou canst rise from thy place. Lo! I verily am strong and trusty for such work
قَالَ ٱلَّذِى عِندَهُۥ عِلْمٌ مِّنَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ أَنَا۠ ءَاتِيكَ بِهِۦ قَبْلَ أَن يَرْتَدَّ إِلَيْكَ طَرْفُكَ ۚ فَلَمَّا رَءَاهُ مُسْتَقِرًّا عِندَهُۥ قَالَ هَـٰذَا مِن فَضْلِ رَبِّى لِيَبْلُوَنِىٓ ءَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ ۖ وَمَن شَكَرَ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِۦ ۖ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ رَبِّى غَنِىٌّ كَرِيمٌ
40One with whom was knowledge of the Scripture said: I will bring it thee before thy gaze returneth unto thee. And when he saw it set in his presence, (Solomon) said: This is of the bounty of my Lord, that He may try me whether I give thanks or am ungrateful. Whosoever giveth thanks he only giveth thanks for (the good of) his own soul; and whosoever is ungrateful (is ungrateful only to his own soul's hurt). For lo! my Lord is Absolute in independence, Bountiful
قَالَ نَكِّرُوا۟ لَهَا عَرْشَهَا نَنظُرْ أَتَهْتَدِىٓ أَمْ تَكُونُ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يَهْتَدُونَ
41He said: Disguise her throne for her that we may see whether she will go aright or be of those not rightly guided
فَلَمَّا جَآءَتْ قِيلَ أَهَـٰكَذَا عَرْشُكِ ۖ قَالَتْ كَأَنَّهُۥ هُوَ ۚ وَأُوتِينَا ٱلْعِلْمَ مِن قَبْلِهَا وَكُنَّا مُسْلِمِينَ
42So, when she came, it was said (unto her): Is thy throne like this? She said: (It is) as though it were the very one. And (Solomon said): We were given the knowledge before her and we had surrendered (to Allah)
وَصَدَّهَا مَا كَانَت تَّعْبُدُ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ ۖ إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ مِن قَوْمٍ كَـٰفِرِينَ
43And (all) that she was wont to worship instead of Allah hindered her, for she came of disbelieving folk
قِيلَ لَهَا ٱدْخُلِى ٱلصَّرْحَ ۖ فَلَمَّا رَأَتْهُ حَسِبَتْهُ لُجَّةً وَكَشَفَتْ عَن سَاقَيْهَا ۚ قَالَ إِنَّهُۥ صَرْحٌ مُّمَرَّدٌ مِّن قَوَارِيرَ ۗ قَالَتْ رَبِّ إِنِّى ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِى وَأَسْلَمْتُ مَعَ سُلَيْمَـٰنَ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ
44It was said unto her: Enter the hall. And when she saw it she deemed it a pool and bared her legs. (Solomon) said: Lo! it is a hall, made smooth, of glass. She said: My Lord! Lo! I have wronged myself, and I surrender with Solomon unto Allah, the Lord of the Worlds
أوجه التشابه
في كلا النصين، تسافر ملكة سبأ، مدفوعة بشهرة حكمة سليمان وثرائه، إليه بقافلة كبيرة من الهدايا لتختبره بأسئلة صعبة. تنبهر بما تجده وتعترف علنًا بعظمة إله سليمان. وفي كلا التقليدين، تُعد هذه الحادثة من أكثر الحوادث احتفاءً بحكمة الملك.
الفروق
تضيف رواية القرآن (سورة النمل) طبقة كاملة من العناصر التي لا يحملها سفر الملوك الأول 10: الهدهد الذي يأتي سليمان بخبر مملكة سبأ وعبادتها للشمس؛ والجني الذي يعرض إحضار عرش الملكة قبل وصولها؛ ومشهد ختامي تدخل فيه الملكة صرحًا ذا أرضية زجاجية فوق ماء جارٍ، فتحسبه ماءً وتكشف عن ساقيها ظنًا منها أنها ستبتل. لا يظهر أي من هذه العناصر، الطائر الرسول، أو الجني، أو الأرضية الزجاجية، في سفر الملوك الأول، حيث تُوصف الزيارة بعبارات دبلوماسية وتجارية بحتة: أسئلة صعبة، وتبادل هدايا، وإعجاب متبادل، دون أي تدخل خارق للعادة ظاهر. كما أن تسمية الملكة بـ"بلقيس" لا ترد في القرآن، الذي لا يسميها البتة، بل تأتي من تقاليد لاحقة (التفسير والأدب الشعبي الإسلامي).
النص التوراتي: الملوك الأول 10: 1-13، التقليد اليهودي-المسيحي؛ وتتكرر الحادثة نفسها بشبه الحرفية في أخبار الأيام الثاني 9.
القرآن: سورة النمل، الآيات 20-44؛ اسم "بلقيس" لا يرد في النص القرآني.